Thebiggestliesweweretaughtinschool
我們所熟悉的謊言
The13 Colonies
13塊殖民地
TheAmericanflaghasthirteenstripestorepresenttheoriginal13 coloniesoftheUnitedStatesbutinallactuality, therewereonly12 colonies. ThisisbecauseDelawarewasneveraseparatecolonybutinfact, heremainedpartofPennsylvaniaownedbyWilliamPennupuntiltheRevolutionaryWar.
美國國旗上的13條橫線代表了建國之初的13塊殖民地,但事實上只有12塊。那是因特拉華州從未以獨立殖民地而出現(xiàn),它屬于賓夕法尼亞的一部分,在獨立戰(zhàn)爭之前,這塊殖民地原屬威廉·佩恩。
AbrahamLincolnOpposedSlavery
亞伯拉罕·林肯反對奴隸制
LincolnwasambiguousabouthisviewsonslaveryandwantedtotakeactionthatwouldstrengthentheUnioninatimeofnationalstrifeandseparatism. Infact, Lincolnhasstated" IfIcouldsavetheUnionwithoutfreeinganyslaves; IwoulddoitandifIcouldsaveitbyfreeingsomeandleavingothersalone; Iwouldalsodothat. WhatIwoulddoaboutslaveryandthecoloredraceIdobecauseIbelieveithelpssavetheUnion.
就奴隸制問題,林肯的態(tài)度不一,當時的美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)不斷,分崩離析,他希望為拯救聯(lián)邦作出努力。事實上,林肯曾說過這樣一句話。如果通過解放黑奴能夠保住聯(lián)邦,那我會這么做,如果不這樣做也能夠拯救聯(lián)邦,那我就不這么做。我之所以要解放黑奴是因為可以保護聯(lián)邦。
VanGogh'sEar
梵高的耳朵
Afterreviewinghistoricalrecordsandletters, HansKaufmannbelievesthatVanGoghdidnotcutoffhisownear, butratherlostitinafight. Allegedly, VanGoghthrewawineglassatGauguinandhepromptlyunsheathedhisswordandmadequickwordofVanGogh'sear. It'sbelievedtheybothmadeupthestoryofVanGoghslicinghimselfuptosaveGauguinfromjailtime.
通過查閱歷史文獻和信件,歷史學家漢斯·考夫曼認為,梵高并沒有切掉自己的耳朵,而是在一次打斗中失去了耳朵。據(jù)稱梵高向高更潑灑紅酒,劍即出鞘,耳朵瞬間掉落。據(jù)人們所知,為了讓高更躲避牢獄之災,兩人均編造了梵高自殘謊言。
HumanEvolution
人類進化
Inascientifictheorywherethestrongsurvivedandandtheweekareeliminated. Ifhumanhadevolveddirectlyfromancientapespecies, theytherewouldnolongerbeanyapesleftashumanswouldhavewonthesurvivallottery. Therearestillapeswhichlendstothetheorythatallgreatapesshareacommonancestor, butatsomepointintime, theancestorsevolvedinseparatedirectionsfromoneanother.
優(yōu)勝劣汰是科學理論。如果人類真是從古猿人直接進化而來,那地球上的猿物種將從此滅絕,因為勝出者一定是人類。還有理論證明,所有人猿都來自同一祖先,但就在歷史的某個節(jié)點,祖先的進化方向發(fā)生了改變。
Thanksgiving
感恩節(jié)
ThetaleofpilgrimsandnativeAmericanssharingalife- savingfeastduringaharshautumnis, ofcourse, aheartwarmingone. Buttheonlythingthatwasactuallysharedbetweenthepilgrimsandnativeswastheplague, whicheffectivelykilledoff96 percentofthenativepopulation. Itisbelievedthatthepilgrimswereawareoftheeffectsoftheirdeadlydiseaseutilizethisknowledgesothattheycanswoopinandstealthenativescropsandland.
那年的秋天苦不堪言,英國移民與印第安人一同享用盛宴,故事的確暖人心。但雙方真正“享用”的卻是瘟疫,96%的印第安民族消亡。據(jù)人們所知,英國移民認識到了瘟疫的災難性,并利用它趁虛而入,搶奪玉米地,占領土地。
ChristopherColumbus
克里斯多弗·哥倫布
AlotofthestoriesregardingChristopherColumbusarenottrue, butmostimportantly, hedidnotdiscoverthattheearthwasroundandhedidnothavetoconvincetheSpaniardsthathewouldnotfalloffthefaceoftheearthonhisattemptedvoyagetoAsia. TheGreeksalreadyknewthattheearthwasroundabouttwothousandyearsbeforeSpainevenexisted. TheSpaniardsdidn'twanttofundColumbus'stripbecausehewasseverelyunderestimatingthesizeoftheearth. Inshort, theythoughthewasanidiot.
許多關于哥倫布的故事并不真實,但你一定要知道的是,他并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)地球是圓的,試圖探索亞洲之時,哥倫布也無需向西班牙皇室證明他不會消失。約兩千年前,希臘人就已證明此論斷,那時的西班牙甚至還不存在。因哥倫比亞嚴重低估地球大小,致西班牙王室不愿向其提供資助。簡言之,他們認為哥倫布是個瘋子。
ArchdukeFerdinand
弗朗茨·斐迪南大公
ItiscommonlythoughtthattheassassinationofArchdukeFranzFerdinandwasthecatalystforstartingWorldWarOne. WhileGavrildPrinchipdidshoottheArchduke. Hisactionsweresimplythefinalstrawinawarthatwasalongtimecoming. WhilenohistorianscanactuallypinpointtheexactcauseofworldwarOne. TheydoagreethatentangledalliancesofWesternEuropeandPan- slavismintheEastmayhavesettheentirewarinmotion. AndwhiletakingashotatanArchdukeisnotexactlythesmartestidea. Thissingleincidentdidnotdragtheworldintoabloodywar.
人們普遍認為斐迪南遇刺案為一戰(zhàn)導火索。加夫里洛·普林西普確實槍殺了斐迪南。然而,此次行動僅僅點燃了一戰(zhàn),一戰(zhàn)苗頭早已有之。沒有歷史學家能夠說明一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)的具體原因。但他們卻認為西歐盤根錯節(jié)的聯(lián)盟關系,東方的泛斯拉夫主義才是戰(zhàn)爭全面爆發(fā)的原因。然而,槍殺大公確實不是明智之舉。這起單一案件絕不會成為血腥戰(zhàn)亂的起因。
Vomitoriums
出入通道
AVomitoriumsisthetunnelbetweenseatsinanamphitheater. ThisstoryisthatthesetunnelswerecalledsuchbecausetheRomanswereahedonisticbunch. Theyconsidereditasignofaffluencetogorgethemselvesonfooduntiltheythrewupfromit. AndtheVomitoriumswasthedesignatedplacetoshowjusthowaffluentaRomanonewas. However, thewordVomitoriumsisderivedfromtheLatinwordvomerewhichtranslatesas" tospewforth", butit'snotreferringtothepurgingofstomachcontents. ItreferstotheexitofpeoplefromthestadiumastheVomitoriumsaredesignedtoprovidearapiddeparturefromavenue.
“ Vomitoriums”指的是競技場座位間的出入隧道。之所以叫作“ Vomitoriums”是因羅馬人是一群樂天派。他們將其看作是富裕的象征,食物供給充足,人們會吃到嘔吐為止。曾經(jīng)的“ Vomitoriums”是表現(xiàn)羅馬富貴驕人的指定場所。然而,“ Vomitoriums”一詞來源于拉丁文“ vomere”,意思是“傾倒”,但并不指凈化胃中食物。如今的“ Vomitoriums”指的是劇場出口,人們可以通過該口迅速離開。
GeorgeWashingtonCarver
喬治·華盛頓·卡佛
Carverwasanamazingmanwhomadenumerousagriculturaladvances, includingover300 usesforpeanutsinanattempttosalvagethedyingcottonfarmingindustryinAlabamaduetoabollweevilinfestation. Butbuthedidnotinventpeanutbutter. PeanutbutterhasbeeninexistencesincetheAztecsandthefirstpatentonpeanutbutterwasdriventoMarcellusGilmoreEdsonasawaytofortifyapatient'sdietwithmoreproteinwhentheywererenderedincapableofchewing.
卡佛是一位偉大人物,他推動了許多農(nóng)業(yè)進步,當時阿拉巴馬象鼻蟲泛濫,為了拯救生死邊緣的棉花種植,卡佛從花生中提煉出三百余種副產(chǎn)品。但花生醬卻不是他的杰作?;ㄉu的起源要追溯到阿茲臺克時代,而最早把花生醬注冊成專利的是艾德森,當時因病人無法咀嚼,為了增加蛋白質含量,只能使用花生醬。
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